ABSTRACT
Methods@#Clinical and neuromonitoring data of 207 consecutive adult patients who underwent cervical spine surgeries at multiple surgical centers using bimodal IONM were analyzed. Signal changes were divided into three groups. Group 0 had transient signal changes in either MEPs or SSEPs, group 1 had sustained unimodal changes, and group 2 had sustained changes in both MEPs and SSEPs. The incidences of true neurological deficits in each group were recorded. @*Results@#A total of 25% (52/207) had IONM signal alerts. Out of these signal drops, 96% (50/52) were considered to be false positives. Groups 0 and 1 had no incidence of neurological deficits, while group 2 had a 29% (2/7) rate of true neurological deficits. The sensitivities of both MEP and SSEP were 100%. SSEP had a specificity of 96.6%, while MEP had a lower specificity at 76.6%. C5 palsy rate was 6%, and there was no correlation with IONM signal alerts (p=0.73). @*Conclusions@#This study shows that we can better predict its clinical significance by dividing IONM signal drops into three groups. A sustained, bimodal (MEP and SSEP) signal drop had the highest risk of true neurological deficits and warrants a high level of caution. There were no clear risk factors for false-positive alerts but there was a trend toward patients with cervical myelopathy.
ABSTRACT
Methods@#Clinical and neuromonitoring data of 207 consecutive adult patients who underwent cervical spine surgeries at multiple surgical centers using bimodal IONM were analyzed. Signal changes were divided into three groups. Group 0 had transient signal changes in either MEPs or SSEPs, group 1 had sustained unimodal changes, and group 2 had sustained changes in both MEPs and SSEPs. The incidences of true neurological deficits in each group were recorded. @*Results@#A total of 25% (52/207) had IONM signal alerts. Out of these signal drops, 96% (50/52) were considered to be false positives. Groups 0 and 1 had no incidence of neurological deficits, while group 2 had a 29% (2/7) rate of true neurological deficits. The sensitivities of both MEP and SSEP were 100%. SSEP had a specificity of 96.6%, while MEP had a lower specificity at 76.6%. C5 palsy rate was 6%, and there was no correlation with IONM signal alerts (p=0.73). @*Conclusions@#This study shows that we can better predict its clinical significance by dividing IONM signal drops into three groups. A sustained, bimodal (MEP and SSEP) signal drop had the highest risk of true neurological deficits and warrants a high level of caution. There were no clear risk factors for false-positive alerts but there was a trend toward patients with cervical myelopathy.
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effects of supplemental probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide on performance,digestive enzyme activities,blood index and intestinal microflora.Two hundred and forty crossbred early weaned PIC piglets with an average initial weight of (6.83 + 0.9) kg,weaned at (21 ± 2) d of age,were divided into four groups.Control Ⅰ (positive diet,with no probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide but more fish meal,whey powder and little soybean meal),Control Ⅱ (negative diet,with no probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide but less fish meal,whey powder and more soybean meal),Negative diet + 0.035 % probiotics,negative diet + 0.002% xylo-oligosaccharide.The results of theses studies suggested that whey powder and fish meal from 5.50% to 2.50%,soybean meal from 22.50% to 26.50% could result in decreasing of alimentary canal enzyme activity,blood sugar,total serum protein and the quantities of Bacillus in appendix(P<0.05),and raising of serum urea nitrogen,the quantities of Escherichia coli in appendix,diarrhea indexes and Feed/Gain(P<0.05).Addition of probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide could significantly improve the activities of alimentary canal protein,lipase and amylase(P<0.05),decrease Feed/Gain and the levels of blood sugar and decrease the levels of serum urea nitrogen and improve protein equilibrium in blood and energy metabolism.The quantities of bacillus were improved,Escherichia coli were decreased in appendix(P<0.05).Diarrhea indexes were decreased(P<0.05).Whether adding probiotics and xylo-oligosaecharide or not could not affect ADG and ADFI (P>0.05).Addition of probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide could improve digestive function,beneficial microbial population of post-alimentary canal,Feed/Gain and prevent the diarrhea of piglets.